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《動物農莊》是一本以動物故事形式寫的諷刺時事的政治寓言。作者將動物形象和人的思想揉合在一起,譏諭人類社會。故事從一天晚上的動物集會開始。農莊的公豬「長者」臨死前向大家述說了牠夢見的動物樂園景象,號召推翻一切動物災難的根源-人類統治,建立一個沒有剝削、平等友愛的社會。在牠的鼓動下,農莊裡的動物驅逐了農夫,焚毀了象徵農夫權力的鞭子,開始了平等美好的生活。然而不久,充當首領的兩頭公豬「拿破崙」和「斯諾鮑」之間發生分歧。能善辨的「斯諾鮑」主張建造風車來減輕動物的勞動強度,然而在對此主張表決時,慣弄權術的「拿破崙」放出牠豢養的數隻惡犬將「斯諾鮑」逐出了農莊,並將此後農莊的一切挫折、歉收、失敗也都歸罪於「斯諾鮑」的暗中破壞與顛覆。從此,治理農莊的群豬便逐漸侵佔起其他動物的勞動成果,並獨吞農莊上出產牛奶和蘋果。當其他動物露出不滿情緒時,「拿破崙」手下先以巧言詭辯進行宣傳,繼之以劊子手的殺戮清洗,一時屍骨成堆,到處血雨腥風。後來,「拿破崙」開始與由人統治的鄰近農場打起交道。動物農莊的統治者徹底背叛了「長者」的遺教,牠們將「七條誡律」中的「位何動物不得飲酒」篡改為「任何動物不得飲酒過量」,將「任何動物不得殺害其他動物」改為「任何動物不得殺害其他動物而不陳述理由」。「動物主義」遺教的真髓「所有動物一律平等」,也被修正為「所有動物一律平等,但有的動物較之其他動物更加高等」。最後,農莊的統治者居然都穿起了衣服,與鄰近的農場主人一起喝酒打牌。遺教遭到背叛,理想陷於破滅。農莊裡的動物又回復到從前受奴役的地位。

  *本書中譯本>由崇文館出版

  George Orwell's chilling fable of Soviet Russia's brutal dictatorship, Animal Farm brings to life in lucid, uncomplicated language the disastrous project of Russian Communism. This Penguin Modern classics edition includes an introduction by Malcolm Bradbury

  'All animals are equal - but some are more equal than others'

  When the downtrodden animals of Manor Farm overthrow their master Mr Jones and take over the farm themselves, they imagine it is the beginning of a life of freedom and equality. But gradually a cunning, ruthless élite among them, masterminded by the pigs Napoleon and Snowball, starts to take control. Soon the other animals discover that they are not all as equal as they thought, and find themselves hopelessly ensnared as one form of tyranny is replaced with another.

  'It is the history of a revolution that went wrong - and of the excellent excuses that were forthcoming at every step for the perversion of the original doctrine,' wrote Orwell for the first edition of Animal Farm in 1945. Orwell wrote the novel at the end of 1943, but it almost remained unpublished; its savage attack on Stalin, at that time Britain's ally, led to the book being refused by publisher after publisher. Orwell's simple, tragic fable has since become a world-famous classic.
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喬治‧歐威爾(George Orwell, 1903-1950)

  喬治・歐威爾是艾瑞克・亞瑟・布雷爾的 筆名,一九〇三年生於殖民時代的印度。在英格蘭就讀寄宿學校,並且在校內第一次察覺到毒害英國社會的商人階級歧視,從而發展出對權力使用與誤用的初步敏感 性。一九二一年從伊頓公學畢業後,歐威爾簽約加入緬印皇家警察,他後來對此評論道:「要痛恨帝國主義,你就得先成為其中一員。」他在緬甸度過的時光對他影 響深遠,五年後他不做任何解釋就辭了職,宣布他要成為一位作家。

  這位發現自己幾乎身無分文、開始以洗碗工為生的年輕作家,在他出版的 第一本著作《巴黎倫敦流浪記》(1933)裡,憑第一手經驗探究貧窮的主題;很快跟著出版的是《緬甸時光》(1934),這本書回顧他在皇家警察工作的時 期。他對於個人嘗試超脫自身社會角色而陷入的困境感興趣,這種興趣雖然表現在像是《讓葉蘭飛舞》(1936)這樣的早期喜劇小說中,但一直到他在《往威根 碼頭之路》中慷慨激昂地陳述英國工人的苦況之後,他新的政治意識才徹底開花結果。大約在此時,他跟他的新婚妻子在西班牙內戰爆發時加入反法西斯的民兵團 中,他的《向加泰隆尼亞致敬》(1938)。雖然他最廣為人知的或許是他精彩的諷刺作品《動物農莊》(1945)與他的經典反烏托邦小說《一九八四》 (1949),但他先前推出的散文集,像是《鯨腹之中》(1940)則反映出他持續地關注他所處時代非常真實的政治與社會處境。

  一九四五年喪妻後,歐威爾感染了肺結核;再婚之後不久,歐威爾於一九五〇年去世,享年四十六歲。

   Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with the dystopia of Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which brought him world-wide fame. All his novels and non-fiction, including Burmese Days (1934), Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) and Homage to Catalonia (1938) are published in Penguin Modern Classics
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